Homestead Dairy Animal Calculator
Created by: Emma Collins
Last updated:
Determine how many dairy goats or cows your family needs for milk, cheese, and butter. Compare breeds by production, butterfat content, and cost, then get a recommended herd size with annual production estimates.
Homestead Dairy Animal Calculator
HomesteadingFigure out how many dairy goats or cows your family needs for milk, cheese, and butter.
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What is a Homestead Dairy Animal Calculator?
A Homestead Dairy Animal Calculator tells you how many dairy goats or cows you need to meet your family's milk consumption. By entering your weekly milk needs and selecting a breed, you get a recommended herd size that accounts for lactation cycles, dry periods, and practical considerations like staggered freshening.
The calculator also shows annual milk production, butterfat yield, feed costs, and pasture requirements — everything you need to decide between Nigerian Dwarf goats, Nubians, or a Jersey cow for your homestead.
Dairy Animal Breed Comparison
| Breed | Gal/Day | Butterfat | Lactation | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nigerian Dwarf Goat | 0.5 | 6.5% | 10 mo | Small, high butterfat, great for cheese |
| Nubian Goat | 1 | 5% | 10 mo | Rich milk, good all-around dairy breed |
| Alpine Goat | 1.2 | 3.5% | 10 mo | High volume, lower fat |
| LaMancha Goat | 1 | 4% | 10 mo | Calm, consistent producers |
| Saanen Goat | 1.5 | 3% | 10 mo | Highest volume dairy goat |
| Toggenburg Goat | 0.9 | 3.2% | 10 mo | Hardy, consistent production |
| Jersey Cow | 4 | 5% | 10 mo | Rich milk, great for butter/cream |
| Dexter Cow (Mini) | 2 | 4.5% | 10 mo | Small breed, dual-purpose |
| Guernsey Cow | 4.5 | 5% | 10 mo | Golden milk, high A2 protein |
| Holstein Cow | 8 | 3.5% | 10 mo | Very high volume, standard dairy breed |
| Brown Swiss Cow | 5 | 4% | 10 mo | Docile, good cheese milk |
| East Friesian Sheep | 0.5 | 6% | 6 mo | Specialty cheese milk |
Goats vs. Cows for the Homestead
Choosing between dairy goats and a family cow depends on your land, family size, and goals:
Dairy Goats
- Smaller, easier to handle
- Less milk = less overwhelming
- Lower feed costs per animal
- Can thrive on rougher browse
- Multiple animals = staggered lactations
- Higher butterfat in some breeds
Family Cow
- One animal to care for
- Abundant milk for large family + surplus
- Cream separates easily for butter
- Calf each year for beef or sale
- Requires more land and infrastructure
- Higher initial and ongoing costs
Frequently Asked Questions
How many goats do I need for a gallon of milk a day?
For 1 gallon of milk per day, you need 1 Saanen goat, 1-2 Nubian or Alpine goats, or 2-3 Nigerian Dwarf goats. Peak production is 10 months per lactation, with goats dried off 2 months before kidding. Plan for at least 2 goats so they stagger lactations.
Is a Jersey cow right for a family?
A Jersey cow produces 3-5 gallons per day — far more than most families need. Many homesteaders milk once daily (reducing yield to ~2.5 gallons) or share with another family. One Jersey easily supplies a family of 4-6 plus cheese, butter, and extra for pigs or calves.
How much does it cost to keep a dairy goat?
A dairy goat costs $40-60/month in feed (hay + grain during lactation), plus initial purchase ($200-500), housing, fencing, and veterinary care. Goats require quality hay, minerals, and grain when milking. Budget $500-800/year per goat all-in.
Do I need a buck (male) for milk?
Goats and cows must be bred annually to produce milk. Many homesteaders use artificial insemination (AI) or lease a buck seasonally. Does can be taken to a buck for breeding. A buck is not needed year-round but breeding must occur for continued milk production.
What is butterfat and why does it matter?
Butterfat is the fat content of milk, ranging from 3% (Holstein cows, Saanen goats) to 6.5% (Nigerian Dwarfs). Higher butterfat yields more cream, butter, and richer cheese. If you want to make butter or hard cheese, choose higher-fat breeds.
Sources and References
- American Dairy Goat Association, "Breed Standards and Production Records", 2024
- University of Vermont Extension, "Dairy Goats: Breeds and Production", 2023
- Penn State Extension, "The Family Cow: Selecting and Managing for Home Dairy Production", 2022
- Storey's Guide to Raising Dairy Goats by Jerry Belanger, 5th Edition, Storey Publishing, 2018